{"id":1673,"date":"2023-08-15T08:52:37","date_gmt":"2023-08-15T07:52:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hul2.mendelu.cz\/?page_id=1673"},"modified":"2023-08-19T08:56:49","modified_gmt":"2023-08-19T07:56:49","slug":"prirode-blizke-lesnictvi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hul2.mendelu.cz\/?page_id=1673","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00e9 lesnictv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Obsah str\u00e1nky je p\u0159ekladem vybran\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kapitoly, kter\u00e1 je uvedena v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edcm origin\u00e1ln\u00edm zdroji, publikaci: Ekologie lesa<\/a><\/em>. Doporu\u010den\u00e1 citace: Rotter, P., & Purchart, L. (2023). Ekologie lesa<\/em>. Mendelova univerzita v Brn\u011b. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11118\/978-80-7509-927-3. <\/p>\n

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P\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00e9 lesnictv\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje alternativu k hospoda\u0159en\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9mu na stejnov\u011bk\u00fdch monokultur\u00e1ch (pase\u010dn\u00e9mu hospoda\u0159en\u00ed), a to zejm\u00e9na v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch st\u0159edn\u00edch a vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch poloh v p\u0159irozen\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed st\u00edn sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00edch d\u0159evin. P\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00e9 lesnictv\u00ed odm\u00edt\u00e1 pase\u010dnou (zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pak holose\u010dnou) obnovu porost\u016f a c\u00edl\u00ed na maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch proces\u016f, zejm\u00e9na na p\u0159irozenou obnovu d\u0159evin, jejich autoredukci a diferenciaci pod vlivem horn\u00ed stromov\u00e9 et\u00e1\u017ee. Jde o syst\u00e9m zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na produkci kvalitn\u00edho d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, ov\u0161em pouze v r\u00e1mci ekologick\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu stanovi\u0161t\u011b. Pozornost v\u011bnuje jednotliv\u00fdm strom\u016fm a usiluje o biologickou automatizaci. Tyto c\u00edle b\u00fdvaj\u00ed napl\u0148ov\u00e1ny v\u00fdb\u011brn\u00fdm hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, s n\u00edm\u017e p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00e9 hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech aplikace m\u016f\u017ee spl\u00fdvat.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Od „p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho lesnictv\u00ed“ k „p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bli\u017e\u0161\u00edmu lesnictv\u00ed“<\/h1>\n

Definice p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho lesnictv\u00ed<\/strong> „Close to Nature Forestry“ nebo nov\u011bji t\u00e9\u017e p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed lesnictv\u00ed<\/strong> „Closer to Nature Forests“ podle publikace Closer-to-Nature Forest Management:<\/a><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed lesn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed definujeme jako „zast\u0159e\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed lesnictv\u00ed\u201c (umbrella) zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edstupy a terminologie, kter\u00e9 pod z\u00e1\u0161titou udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho lesn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed (SFM) podporuj\u00ed biodiverzitu, odolnost a adaptaci na klima v obhospoda\u0159ovan\u00fdch les\u00edch a zalesn\u011bn\u00e9 krajin\u011b. P\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed lesn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed bude podporovat slo\u017eky, struktury a procesy charakteristick\u00e9 pro p\u0159irozen\u00e9 lesy a kulturn\u00ed lesy, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zlep\u0161\u00ed rozmanitost druh\u016f a struktur strom\u016f, rozd\u00edly ve velikosti strom\u016f a v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch st\u00e1di\u00edch a \u0159ada stanovi\u0161\u0165 v\u010detn\u011b stanovi\u0161\u0165 strom\u016f a mrtv\u00e9ho d\u0159eva.<\/em><\/p>\n

V souladu s t\u00edm definujeme n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bli\u017e\u0161\u00edho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v les\u00edch:
\u2022 Zachov\u00e1n\u00ed stanovi\u0161\u0165 strom\u016f, zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch stanovi\u0161\u0165 a mrtv\u00e9ho d\u0159eva
\u2022 Propagace p\u016fvodn\u00edch druh\u016f strom\u016f i m\u00edstn\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00fdch nep\u016fvodn\u00edch druh\u016f
\u2022 Podpora p\u0159irozen\u00e9 obnovy strom\u016f
\u2022 V\u00fdb\u011brn\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby a podpora strukturn\u00ed heterogenity porost\u016f
\u2022 Podpora rozmanitosti d\u0159evin a genetick\u00e9 rozmanitosti
\u2022 Vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se intenzivn\u00edm management\u016fm lesa
\u2022 Podpora heterogenity a fungov\u00e1n\u00ed krajiny<\/p>\n

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Obr\u00e1zek<\/strong>: Segregace a integrace krajiny \u2013 kontinuum (upraveno podle Larsen, 2009). Uvedeno z d\u016fvodu lep\u0161\u00edho objasn\u011bn\u00ed pojmu „Closer to Nature Forestry“. Obr\u00e1zek ukazuje pouze principy komplementarity mezi segregativn\u00edm a integrativn\u00edm managementem. Zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00e9 profilov\u00e9 diagramy typ\u016f lesa se vztahuj\u00ed ke st\u0159edoevropsk\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m, pro jin\u00e9 biomy by bylo pot\u0159eba jin\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed. (p\u0159evzato z publikace Closer-to-Nature Forest Management<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Citovan\u00e1 literatura<\/strong><\/p>\n