{"id":2053,"date":"2023-08-18T08:52:20","date_gmt":"2023-08-18T07:52:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hul2.mendelu.cz\/?page_id=2053"},"modified":"2023-08-19T08:04:24","modified_gmt":"2023-08-19T07:04:24","slug":"hnaci-faktory-integrovaneho-lesniho-hospodarstvi-v-evrope-poznatky-z-empirickeho-hodnoceni","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hul2.mendelu.cz\/?page_id=2053","title":{"rendered":"Hnac\u00ed faktory integrovan\u00e9ho lesn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed v Evrop\u011b \u2013 poznatky z empirick\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e9 studie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Obsah str\u00e1nky je p\u0159ekladem vybran\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kapitoly, kter\u00e1 je uvedena v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edcm origin\u00e1ln\u00edm zdroji, publikaci: How to balance forestry and biodiversity conservation\u202f? A view across Europe<\/em><\/a>. Doporu\u010den\u00e1 citace: Krumm, F.; Schuck, A.; Rigling, A. (eds), 2020: How to balance forestry and biodiversity conservation \u2013 A view across Europe. European Forest Institute (EFI); Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf. 640 p.<\/p>\n

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V doporu\u010den\u00e9 knize ke studiu – How to balance forestry and biodiversity conservation\u202f? A view across Europe<\/em><\/a> – jsou mj. uvedeny v\u00fdsledky p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e9 studie, kter\u00e9 se z\u00fa\u010dastnilo 42 respondent\u016f z dev\u00edti evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed (viz Aggestam et al. 2020<\/a>). Bylo provedeno 28 rozhovor\u016f s lesn\u00edmi hospod\u00e1\u0159i na provozn\u00ed \u00farovni (viz Maier a Winkel 2017) a \u010dtrn\u00e1ct rozhovor\u016f s odborn\u00edky na politiku v oblasti hospoda\u0159en\u00ed a ochrany les\u016f v p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch zem\u00edch. V\u00fdb\u011br p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f a dotazovan\u00fdch m\u011bl za c\u00edl reprezentovat rozmanitost evropsk\u00fdch les\u016f a lesn\u00edch hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, pomoc\u00ed profesn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b autor\u016f a vzorkov\u00e1n\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm European Network Integrate<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span> (na z\u00e1klad\u011b Duncker et al. 2012).<\/p>\n

\"https:\/\/ars.els-cdn.com\/content\/image\/1-s2.0-S0301479720306022-fx1_lrg.jpg\"<\/p>\n

(Zdroj: Aggestam et al. 2020<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve studii byly \u0159e\u0161eny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed ot\u00e1zky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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  1. Jak lesn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159i a odborn\u00edci ch\u00e1pou a praktikuj\u00ed integraci ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody do lesn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch kontextech v Evrop\u011b?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Co usnad\u0148uje a co br\u00e1n\u00ed integraci opat\u0159en\u00ed ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody do lesn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \n

    <\/a>K prvn\u00ed ot\u00e1zce<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Ponech\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159eva v rozkladu (mrtv\u00e9ho d\u0159eva) a habitatov\u00fdch strom\u016f <\/strong>bylo zdaleka nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti les\u016f. D\u016fvodem je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b snadn\u00e1 implementace. N\u00e1klady byly vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9, proto\u017ee se neskl\u00e1daj\u00ed z aktivn\u00edch mana\u017eersk\u00fdch z\u00e1sah\u016f a nesou omezen\u00e9 n\u00e1klady p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s prostorem, kter\u00fd zab\u00edr\u00e1 habitatov\u00fd strom nebo skupina takov\u00fdch strom\u016f. Mezi p\u0159\u00edpady byly zna\u010dn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly; v n\u011bkter\u00fdch les\u00edch jsou ponech\u00e1ny sp\u00ed\u0161e velk\u00e9 skupiny (ostrovy) mrtv\u00e9ho d\u0159eva (nap\u0159. v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m Bonnu, kde jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 star\u00e9 porosty zcela vy\u0159azeny z obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed), zat\u00edmco v jin\u00fdch les\u00edch je tato praxe omezena na n\u011bkolik strom\u016f na hektar, aby nep\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eely p\u0159i n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 v\u00fdsadb\u011b (nap\u0159. v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Vaucluse, Francie). K popularit\u011b t\u00e9to strategie p\u0159isp\u011bla zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 informovanost ve\u0159ejnosti o hodnot\u011b mrtv\u00e9ho d\u0159eva jako stanovi\u0161t\u011b pro saproxylick\u00e9 druhy a dlouhodob\u00e9ho zdroje \u017eivin a vody pro \u017eiv\u00e9 stromy. Jedin\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed mrtv\u00e9ho d\u0159eva nebylo jako opat\u0159en\u00ed zavedeno, byla jedna vysoce produktivn\u00ed monokultura mo\u0159sk\u00e9 borovice v atlantick\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b, kde n\u011bkdy doch\u00e1z\u00ed i k t\u011b\u017eb\u011b pa\u0159ez\u016f pro v\u00fdrobu bioenergie. I v oblastech, kde se odstra\u0148uj\u00ed pa\u0159ezy, je to v\u0161ak kontroverzn\u00ed praxe kv\u016fli negativn\u00edm dopad\u016fm na p\u016fdn\u00ed organickou hmotu, biologickou rozmanitost a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobnosti eroze. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    To vede k d\u016fle\u017eitosti ochrany p\u016fdy, vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a ochrany p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi riziky<\/strong>, co\u017e jsou dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9 prvky udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho lesn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. V mnoha alpsk\u00fdch a st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00fdch oblastech byly hlavn\u00edmi prioritami eroze, odtok de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 vody a prevence lavin. Dotazovan\u00ed nav\u00edc uvedli, \u017ee voda je \u010dasto limituj\u00edc\u00edm faktorem pro r\u016fst strom\u016f ve st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mech a po\u017e\u00e1ry p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017enou hrozbu pro lesn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my, co\u017e d\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje v\u00fdznam udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s vodou. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v mnoha z t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f se holin\u00e1m vyh\u00fdbali nebo byly dokonce zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny. Druhov\u00e9 sm\u011bsi byly podporov\u00e1ny v jehli\u010dnat\u00fdch porostech, proto\u017ee opad ze sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdch les\u016f, zejm\u00e9na v\u010detn\u011b opadu z listnat\u00fdch druh\u016f d\u0159evin, m\u016f\u017ee zlep\u0161it kvalitu p\u016fdy z hlediska absorpce vody a \u017eivin.<\/p>\n

    Diverzita z hlediska druh\u016f, genetiky a struktur<\/strong> byla obecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1na za p\u0159\u00ednosnou z hlediska maximalizace biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti, ale tak\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed stability les\u016f a odolnosti v\u016f\u010di \u0159ad\u011b biotick\u00fdch a abiotick\u00fdch hrozeb.<\/span><\/span> Specifick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed zahrnovala zv\u00fdhod\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed nedostate\u010dn\u011b zastoupen\u00fdch druh\u016f, zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pod\u00edlu listnat\u00fdch druh\u016f a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edstn\u011b vhodn\u00fdch provenienc\u00ed.<\/span><\/span> V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech tak\u00e9 dotazovan\u00ed<\/span><\/span> pova\u017eovali zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed nep\u016fvodn\u00edch druh\u016f a provenienc\u00ed za pozitivn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj.<\/span><\/span> Opat\u0159en\u00ed \u201eochrany p\u0159\u00edrody\u201c vykazovala pozoruhodn\u00e9 p\u0159ekr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed s opat\u0159en\u00edmi zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdmi na \u201ezv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed odolnosti les\u016f\u201c.<\/span><\/span> Mnoho z<\/span><\/span> dotazovan\u00fdch v\u011bd\u011blo, \u017ee mezi biodiverzitou a odolnost\u00ed les\u016f existuje siln\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00e1 souvislost.<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

    Zejm\u00e9na v oblastech Natura 2000 vymezen\u00fdch podle sm\u011brnic o pt\u00e1c\u00edch a stanovi\u0161t\u00edch byla ochrana konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch druh\u016f<\/strong> \u010dasto c\u00edlem managementu, kter\u00fd dopl\u0148uje \u201estandardn\u00ed\u201c opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody.<\/span><\/span> Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed b\u00fdvaj\u00ed velmi specifick\u00e1 a z\u00e1vis\u00ed na typu m\u00edstn\u00edho stanovi\u0161t\u011b, po\u010d\u00ednaje vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm kalu\u017e\u00ed a jez\u00edrek pro ur\u010dit\u00e9 oboj\u017eiveln\u00edky a\u017e po podporu n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f strom\u016f p\u0159ed jin\u00fdmi.
    <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/a>Ke druh\u00e9 ot\u00e1zce<\/h2>\n

    Z rozhovor\u016f je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody jsou v r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e \u0161iroce integrov\u00e1na do produk\u010dn\u00edho lesn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. D\u016fvod\u016f je mnoho. Mezi mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdmi faktory, u kter\u00fdch bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o integrativn\u00edm lesn\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed (IFM), m\u016f\u017eeme identifikovat t\u0159i kategorie: (i) faktory, kter\u00e9 pozitivn\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed IFM, (ii) faktory, kter\u00e9 negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed IFM, a (iii) faktory, kter\u00e9 mohou m\u00edt bu\u010f pozitivn\u00ed, nebo negativn\u00ed vliv v z\u00e1vislosti na m\u00edstn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

    Omezuj\u00edc\u00ed faktory<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Nedostatek podpory a pob\u00eddek<\/strong> pro jin\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby ne\u017e k produkci d\u0159eva, zejm\u00e9na pokud jsou produk\u010dn\u00ed c\u00edle vysok\u00e9, byl pops\u00e1n jako p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eka prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody.<\/span><\/span> Pozitivn\u00ed externality IFM pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my byly p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi org\u00e1ny vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00e9.<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed uvedli, \u017ee vlastnictv\u00ed rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdch les\u016f<\/strong> je p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou rychl\u00e9 a \u0161irok\u00e9 implementace IFM. Toto prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed u\u010dinili p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve\u0159ejn\u00ed lesn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159i, m\u00e9n\u011b pak soukrom\u00ed vlastn\u00edci les\u016f. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed respondenti uvedli, \u017ee rozmanitost vlastnictv\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 podporovat rozmanitost hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v les\u00edch.<\/p>\n

    Popt\u00e1vka trhu<\/strong> byla nej\u010dast\u011bji uv\u00e1d\u011bna jako faktor, kter\u00fd br\u00e1nil implementaci ochrann\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed v IFM. V\u011bt\u0161ina dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch uvedla, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e1 popt\u00e1vka po d\u0159ev\u011b je zna\u010dn\u011b tla\u010d\u00ed k intenzivn\u00ed t\u011b\u017eb\u011b. Mnoz\u00ed z dotazovan\u00fdch ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch lesn\u00edk\u016f uvedli, \u017ee z jejich pohledu z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed kompromisy mezi produkc\u00ed a ochranou biodiverzity problematick\u00e9. Rostouc\u00ed popt\u00e1vka po bioenergii sni\u017euje mno\u017estv\u00ed mrtv\u00e9ho d\u0159eva a zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed d\u0159eva\u0159sk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu na specifick\u00e9 druhy d\u0159evin a velikostn\u00ed sortimenty d\u0159eva znamen\u00e1 omezenou motivaci pro diverzifikaci les\u016f. Obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed les\u016f bylo vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako siln\u011b souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s v\u00fdvojem trhu se d\u0159evem. R\u016fznorod\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tr\u017en\u00ed popt\u00e1vka by tedy byla velmi pozitivn\u00ed hnac\u00ed silou IFM.<\/p>\n

    Usnad\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed faktory<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Obecn\u00e1 ekonomick\u00e1 hlediska<\/strong> uvedla t\u0159etina respondent\u016f jako hlavn\u00ed c\u00edl hospoda\u0159en\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se stal jedn\u00edm z nejuzn\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f lesn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Byl to jedin\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd c\u00edl, kter\u00fd byl v r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e vyj\u00e1d\u0159en v ka\u017ed\u00e9m rozhovoru. Zat\u00edmco sou\u010dasn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky trh\u016f se d\u0159evem byly vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky IFM, n\u011bkolik respondent\u016f zd\u016fraznilo, \u017ee dlouhodob\u00e1 ekonomick\u00e1 ziskovost je nejlep\u0161\u00ed pob\u00eddkou k udr\u017een\u00ed lesa zdrav\u00e9ho, rozmanit\u00e9ho a bohat\u00e9ho z hlediska biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti. Zdrav\u00fd les znamen\u00e1 z\u00e1ruku trval\u00e9 produkce a \u010d\u00e1st v\u00fdnos\u016f ze d\u0159eva m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eita na financov\u00e1n\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Vnit\u0159n\u00ed motivace<\/strong> lesn\u00edch hospod\u00e1\u0159\u016f byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za faktor nejv\u00edce usnad\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed integraci opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody do lesn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Mnoho respondent\u016f jako hlavn\u00ed hnac\u00ed s\u00edlu zd\u016fraz\u0148ovalo sv\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, zku\u0161enosti, znalosti a svou odpov\u011bdnost v\u016f\u010di budouc\u00edm generac\u00edm. V\u0161ichni respondenti \u0161iroce ch\u00e1pali d\u016fle\u017eitost lesn\u00ed biodiverzity. Mnoz\u00ed se pova\u017euj\u00ed za str\u00e1\u017ece zdroje, kter\u00fd mohou ovlivnit pouze do\u010dasn\u011b, ne\u017e jej p\u0159edaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed generaci. Tento pocit odpov\u011bdnosti v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k jejich ochot\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bt opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody.<\/p>\n

    Lesnick\u00e1 legislativa<\/strong> byla v\u011bt\u0161inou dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch pova\u017eov\u00e1na za silnou hnac\u00ed s\u00edlu integrace opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody do lesn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, a\u010dkoli implementace byla pops\u00e1na jako \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zaost\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1kony byly obvykle vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro v\u00fdkon lesn\u00edk\u016f a podporuj\u00edc\u00ed jejich \u00fasil\u00ed p\u0159i zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody. Evropsk\u00e1 legislativa, zejm\u00e9na Natura 2000 (sm\u011brnice o pt\u00e1c\u00edch a sm\u011brnice o stanovi\u0161t\u00edch), byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd, ale n\u011bkdy tak\u00e9 t\u011b\u017ekop\u00e1dn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody.<\/p>\n

    Ambivalentn\u00ed faktory<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Vztahy mezi zainteresovan\u00fdmi skupinami<\/strong> \u2013 lesn\u00edky, ochr\u00e1nci p\u0159\u00edrody a ob\u010danskou spole\u010dnost\u00ed \u2013 byly pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za prom\u011bnliv\u00e9 a byly vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako na k\u0159i\u017eovatce. Environment\u00e1ln\u00ed sektor (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm organizace na ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody) byl dot\u00e1zan\u00fdmi lesn\u00edky pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd v oslovov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, zat\u00edmco komunikace lesn\u00edho sektoru byla vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako neefektivn\u00ed a m\u00e9n\u011b efektivn\u00ed. Lesn\u00edci c\u00edtili, \u017ee pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed vynalo\u017eit dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed na komunikaci o sv\u00fdch aktivit\u00e1ch v oblasti ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody. To plat\u00ed zejm\u00e9na s ohledem na komunikaci s m\u011bstskou spole\u010dnost\u00ed, za jej\u00ed\u017e dominantn\u00ed n\u00e1zory byly vn\u00edm\u00e1ny rekrea\u010dn\u00ed a estetick\u00e9 touhy. IFM m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l zv\u00fd\u0161it akceptaci lesn\u00edho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed lidmi; t\u011b\u017eby v\u00fdb\u011brem s d\u016frazem na ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody maj\u00ed \u010dasto men\u0161\u00ed vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed dopad a ve\u0159ejnost je sn\u00e1ze p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1.<\/p>\n

    Nej\u010dast\u011bji zmi\u0148ovan\u00fdm hnac\u00edm motorem pro integraci opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody do lesn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed<\/strong> byl ve\u0159ejn\u00fd tlak ze strany r\u016fzn\u00fdch skupin zainteresovan\u00fdch stran, ale v\u011bt\u0161inou vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00fd prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm m\u00e9di\u00ed a ekologick\u00fdch nevl\u00e1dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f byla spole\u010densk\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako podp\u016frn\u00e1 (ale tak\u00e9 jako v\u00fdzva), pokud jde o integraci v\u00edce opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody do lesn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. V mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech v\u0161ak byla IFM sama o sob\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1na za nedosta\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed a lesn\u00edci hl\u00e1sili tlak na zastaven\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00fdch t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch operac\u00ed z d\u016fvodu rekreace nebo ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody. Mnoho dotazovan\u00fdch tak\u00e9 vn\u00edmalo pon\u011bkud rozporupln\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti, ale shodli se na tom, \u017ee schopnost lesn\u00edch hospod\u00e1\u0159\u016f reagovat na r\u016fzn\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 po\u017eadavky je naprosto kritick\u00e1.<\/p>\n

    Znalosti ve spole\u010dnosti<\/strong> hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou, ale ambivalentn\u00ed roli ve snaze slou\u010dit produkci a ochranu v obhospoda\u0159ovan\u00fdch les\u00edch. Mnoho respondent\u016f uvedlo rostouc\u00ed environment\u00e1ln\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed ve spole\u010dnosti, ale nedostatek znalost\u00ed o hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v les\u00edch pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek \u201e\u010dern\u00e9 a b\u00edl\u00e9\u201c n\u00e1zory a nepochopen\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 perspektivy, kter\u00e1 je z\u00e1kladem spr\u00e1vy les\u016f.<\/p>\n

    Technologick\u00e9 inovace<\/strong> maj\u00ed potenci\u00e1l zlep\u0161it implementaci IFM p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu a rychlej\u0161\u00edmu shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed dat, ale v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech mohou br\u00e1nit implementaci ochrann\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Obecn\u011b byly inovace v oblasti d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu Zem\u011b a inventarizace pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za pozitivn\u00ed. T\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 stroje pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro t\u011b\u017ebu d\u0159eva byly vn\u00edm\u00e1ny ambivalentn\u011b, proto\u017ee mohou potenci\u00e1ln\u011b po\u0161kodit c\u00edle ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody, pokud nejsou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny moud\u0159e, ale maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 potenci\u00e1l omezit negativn\u00ed dopad na stanovi\u0161t\u011b, pokud jsou spr\u00e1vn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny. <\/p>\n

    Citovan\u00e1 literatura<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Citovan\u00e1 literatura je uvedena v origin\u00e1ln\u00edm zdroji, publikaci How to balance forestry and biodiversity conservation\u202f? A view across Europe<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Obsah str\u00e1nky je p\u0159ekladem vybran\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kapitoly, kter\u00e1 je uvedena v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edcm origin\u00e1ln\u00edm zdroji, publikaci: How to balance forestry and biodiversity conservation\u202f? A view across Europe. Doporu\u010den\u00e1 citace: Krumm, F.; Schuck, A.; Rigling, A. (eds), 2020: How to balance forestry and biodiversity conservation \u2013 A view across Europe. European Forest Institute (EFI); Swiss Federal Institute […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":2034,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"zakra_page_container_layout":"customizer","zakra_page_sidebar_layout":"customizer","zakra_remove_content_margin":false,"zakra_sidebar":"customizer","zakra_transparent_header":"customizer","zakra_logo":0,"zakra_main_header_style":"default","zakra_menu_item_color":"","zakra_menu_item_hover_color":"","zakra_menu_item_active_color":"","zakra_menu_active_style":"","zakra_page_header":true,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2053","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hul2.mendelu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2053","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hul2.mendelu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hul2.mendelu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hul2.mendelu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hul2.mendelu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2053"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/hul2.mendelu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2053\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2183,"href":"https:\/\/hul2.mendelu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2053\/revisions\/2183"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hul2.mendelu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2034"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hul2.mendelu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2053"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}